What is the primary function of X-ray testing on materials?

The primary function of X-ray testing on materials is to find cavities within the material. This non-destructive testing method utilizes X-ray radiation to penetrate materials, allowing for a detailed internal examination. X-ray imaging can reveal internal flaws such as voids, cracks, and inclusions that are not visible on the surface. This ability to detect internal defects makes X-ray testing particularly valuable in industries where the integrity of materials is crucial, such as aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing.

While other testing methods serve different purposes, the specific strength of X-ray testing lies in its capacity to provide a comprehensive internal view of a material, thereby identifying cavities and structural anomalies that could affect performance or safety. Other options focus on different aspects of material behavior or surface evaluation, which X-ray testing does not address directly.