What type of metalworking process describes shaping materials using rollers?

The process that describes shaping materials using rollers is known as rolling. In this technique, metal is passed through one or more pairs of rollers to reduce its thickness, change its cross-section, or improve its mechanical properties. Rolling is a fundamental metalworking process widely used in manufacturing, particularly for producing sheets, plates, and structural components.

During rolling, the material is deformed by compressive forces exerted by the rollers, which can be adjusted to achieve the desired thickness and dimensions. This process is efficient and allows for the continuous production of metal shapes, making it a preferred choice in industries such as construction, automotive, and aerospace. The technique is also beneficial for refining the grain structure of metals, leading to improved strength and ductility.

Other metalworking processes, like forging, casting, and welding, involve different methods of shaping materials. Forging typically involves shaping metal using compressive forces applied through hammers or dies, while casting entails pouring molten metal into a mold to create a specific shape. Welding is the process of joining materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, through fusion. Each of these processes has unique characteristics and applications, highlighting why rolling is specifically identified with the use of rollers for shaping materials.