What type of test applies a bending load to determine material strength until failure?

The transverse test is specifically designed to apply a bending load to a material to assess its strength and behavior under such stress. This test involves placing a sample material between two supports and applying force at its midpoint. The goal is to measure how much the material can withstand before it fails, which gives valuable insight into its mechanical properties such as tensile strength, ductility, and toughness.

In contrast, the torsional test applies a twisting force, which is not relevant for measuring bending strength. The ultrasonic test is used primarily for non-destructive testing to detect internal flaws or measure material thickness, and the dye penetrant test is designed for surface inspection for cracks and other defects, rather than evaluating the material's structural integrity under load. Therefore, the transverse test is the appropriate choice for determining the bending strength of materials.