Who developed the theory explaining the weakness of materials due to surface irregularities?

The theory explaining the weakness of materials due to surface irregularities was developed by A.A. Griffith. His work, particularly in the early 20th century, focused on the understanding of how defects and flaws in materials can lead to failure under stress. Griffith introduced the concept of "fracture mechanics" which details how cracks can propagate through materials, particularly in brittle materials. This has profound implications in engineering, as it emphasizes the importance of material imperfections on the overall strength and reliability of structures and components.

For example, Griffith’s theory is essential in areas such as the design of aircraft, where understanding how materials react to stress and potential flaws is critical for safety. This theory has influenced numerous fields, prompting further research and development in material science, ultimately leading to more durable and reliable materials for engineering applications.